ABANDON CONTROL NEGLECT

Ellensgate Garden

I was planning a post on our wild flowers to slot in with the celebration of Wildflower Wednesday and have been saving suitable pics for days – it being high summer and wild flowers plentiful. But my own recent writing has prompted thought on the subject (see my nature/nurture pic on my previous post) and as a direct result of that  post I discovered http://thinkinGardens.co.uk This is a fascinating forum for serious talk about gardening and why we do it; about gardening as art, or at least as highly conscious construction.

Ellensgate Garden detail

This morning when I stuck my head across the gate of the Ellensgate Garden it struck me, not for the first time but more forcibly than before, that this most considered and contrived of my gardens had shown me a toffee and done its own thing – rather spectacularly well. What is more, self-sown wildings like the ferns, the mass of Gladiolus dalenii and the yellow arum, Zantedeschia albomaculata contribute substantially to this mutiny. As do the mosses and lichen on the very expensive sandstone trimmings from 800km away I commissioned – even if they now might just as well be cast concrete…

Ellensgate Garden detail 2 Zantedeschia albomaculata

The Ellensgate Garden  was the first development along the new axis from the front door. I started on it in 1996. It came to be because my father acquired the gate made by his father for their family home back in the 30s – read more about it here and follow the link given for full explanations of the material used etc. That original description, first used on a gardening forum nearly 10 years ago, makes for amusing reading against the backdrop of my present plight – is this carefully designed and built garden all about control? Is it the living abandon within the framework of control that makes it a success or a failure? Is what we are witnessing now simply the result of neglect? And then we can ramble on to the ethical/aesthetic debate around “can a garden which is the result of neglect even be considered to be a ‘good’ garden?” And as every gardener knows, that question leads on to all sorts of issues like the passing of time and the need for maintenance, which are like frame and wall to a painting…

Under the Ouhout

You see, the above is to my mind one of the most successful parts of my garden. Snag is that the only human intervention here has been the removal of some dead branches every few years. The trees were planted by nature. So were the grasses and the creeper. All natural, indigenous, endemic, native. Does that mean that it is not a garden? Or that I am such a poor gardener that I can’t compete with something so totally random?

Wild yellow daisy

What if I told you that the deepest joy of my gardening is these random incidents? The moments where Nature says – so it seems to me – ‘well done, Jack, and as a reward I will give you this as well!’ Witness these wild daisies in the arboretum growing, you guessed it, amongst wild grasses and other wild plants but against a backdrop of highly exotic camellias.

Wild yellow daisy detail

Here it is in close-up: Berkeya setifera, called Buffalo Tongue because of its large rough leaves…

Lobelia and agapanthus

Of course it is easy for me in our mountain’s kind climate with its varied flora to call on nature to contribute… The garden lobelia in the pot and the agapanthus beyond are close relatives of our wildings.

16 Lobelia erinus

This is Lobelia erinus, the species of the garden hybrid, photographed growing wild on the farm; individually possibly more beautiful, but not as floriferous as the garden hybrids.

Agapanthus inapertus

And here, planted in the narrow bed up against Alfred’s Arches and raised from seed from a wilding on the farm, is Agapanthus inapertus, a different species from those most garden Agapanthus hybrids originate from.

Crinum & Agapanthus inapertus

Above, the same two flower heads, photographed a few days earlier from the opposite side, together with possibly our most spectacular wilding, Crinum macowanii, seen in more detail below.

Crinum

Of course not all the wildings are spectacular. The two flowers below are each no bigger than a finger nail, the yellow Hypoxis hiding in rough lawn and the blue Wahlenbergia floating inches above it on thin stems.

Hypoxis Wahlenbergia

Some are little more than weeds. Weeds? Ah, there too is a whole argument. Rephrase: some are so fleeting in flower and willing in seed that they have no garden value, tend to spread, and have value only as sudden little incidents in the wilder parts of the garden. Ergo, the kind of flowers I love. The flowers of Vernonia, below, are a case in point, especially in a strongly coloured example such as this one, seen against a little fern. Ferns too are worth an investigation on their own…

Vernonia

I have told the story before of how, on a tour to Sissinghurst, I was first attracted to Phygelius. ‘Don’t you know it?’ asked a lady on the tour, ‘It is from South Africa!’ I didn’t explain that just because one came from Washington DC it meant one knew the president. But I remembered the flower.

Phygelius aequalis

To my absolute surprise I discovered huge sheets of it just below Freddie’s Dam’s wall on my return to South Africa. But one needs to wade through the marches to get to see it in close-up. Which is well worth doing.

Phygelius detail

It took me another 15 years to strike a cutting, and that has been languishing for over a year on my kitchen window sill. That is the kind of sharing of one’s inadequacies which leads to angst – or perhaps stills it. (Never mind; I’m not nearly as angst-ridden as you might suspect. Winking smile) However it does reopen the debate about neglect and good gardening… Change the subject.

Samaria irrigation dams

We move further and further away from Wildflower Wednesday, and I have been away overnight to my cousins on Samaria near Mapungubwe – see this post which tells more about Samaria and links in to many of my other current thoughts. It was hot – night-time minimums equalling day-time maximums in less extreme parts of the country during last week’s heat-wave. And I want to share just one plant from this visit: an indigenous plant but considered a pest by many farmers; its English name, Devil’s Thorn, gives just one reason. The seed has vicious prickles. I have more than once had it go right through the sole of a shoe into my foot!

Duwweltjies

My sister tells of arriving in the arid city of Windhoek as a young woman. Dotted around her sandy ‘garden’ were the prettiest yellow flowers. So she dug them up and planted them on either side of her concrete entrance path. She wondered why the neighbour looked at her strangely. Until the seeds developed and she understood…

Eulophia

Sticking to the joys of wildings, I am pleased to report the survival of an attack by baboons (which you can read about here) of the Eulophia orchid. Here is its first flower of the season, on the only stalk. Not as robust as before, but alive!

Blue Thunbergia 4

I end this post, written over several days, with a reference to one of our quieter but more pervasive wildings, a flower that grows on you with close scrutiny – Thunbergia natalensis: a perfect example of the charms of a wilding as expressed by gardeners around the world on Wildflower Wednesday, a monthly post initiated by Gail of ‘Clay and Limestone’.

MAKE NATURE WORK!

Who works the hardest in my garden? Nature! That’s why we can manage (well, almost manage) and afford (ditto) 6 hectares (15 acres) of it…

1 Tree ferns at the overflow Case in point: Nothing in this area – the overflow stream of Freddie’s Dam – was planted. Tree ferns germinate readily in vertical ground ‘cliffs’ like this and on the dam walls; over 80 thus in the last 30 years. And slap bang behind the dogs grows a wild calla lily – Zantedeschia aethiopica. A picture of another in flower anon. Ferns and grasses and little wild twiners are all self-sown. There is a small amount of path maintenance here, no more.

2 ferns and Ledebouria cooperi Large parts of the garden are paths cut through the natural vegetation and often the only additional ‘gardening’ is the planting of trees. These paths develop their own ecology and are colonised by low-growing plants. One of these is an indigenous Alchemilla or Lady’s Mantle, seen below; it consoles me when I fail with the exotic Alchemilla mollis.

Alchemilla  Because of our benign mountain climate, natural colonisation happens easily – and unrulies are disciplined by the frosts. It was whilst looking for a path pic that I saw these clumps of leaves and identified the Ledebourias – I think L. cooperi – unfortunately trampled, but they survive and seed perfectly when prone! Notice the ferns colonising the shade beneath an old mother-pine.

3 Ledebouria detail And not too far off, growing on the edge of the stream that feeds our dams, a calla. Or as we call them in Afrikaans: Pigs’ Ears!

4 Zantedeschia aethiopica The flower below, which I bought and planted, is the well known Black-eyed Susan – Thunbergia alata. Traditionally it is a strong but soft orange with the dark eye which gives it its name, a gentle twiner which grows wild in many parts of South Africa including here – although I’ve only once seen one anywhere that was definitely wild. This softer yellow sport became available some 10 years ago and around the world the wonderful modern versions with burnt orange, rusty and other subtle shades of flower have of late become popular. I have a packet of seed waiting to be planted…

5 Thunbergia alata - Black-eyed Susan So you can imagine my surprise some years ago when one of the first wildings I identified turned out to be a relative…

6 Thunbergia natalensis Thunbergia natalensis is also called the Forest Bluebell, and its softest of blue flowers with a yellow throat grow on knee-high perennials in the shade. But when you take a closer look (lower flowers), especially at the balloon-like calyx, the family resemblance becomes clear.

7 Thunbergia natalensis side-onl 8 Thunbergia natalensis detail

St. John’s Worts the world over look remarkably similar: identical flower shapes and colours, similar leaf arrangements… We have two, one of which produces a fleeting spring show of thumb-nail-sized blooms on an equally diminutive plant, and the other which is one of the three main plants in our indigenous scrub. It is never as showy as the garden varieties, but provides a long season of good interest and is beloved by our local creatures, big and small. That is it below on the left, Hypericum revolutum, with whichever of the garden varieties it is we grow on the right. Both photographed yesterday.

9 Hypericum revolutum 10 Garden hypericum

Silene, or Campian,  is another of the international garden flowers that we have a wild version of on Sequoia. I have introduced it into the garden in places. It makes a striking almost-white highlight, but by later in the season its poor breeding shows, when it sprawls drunkenly across whatever is available and needs sobering up. Below is Silene undulata photographed in the wild, together with a garden Silene I first grew from seed 15 years ago which has been with us ever since, often in unexpected places. It was photographed up against the Ellensgate Garden where it currently makes a pleasing composition with two shades of Nicotiana alata and some miniature agapanthus. Sometimes the glorious deep pink (and the scent!) of the Bourbon rose ‘Mme Isaac Pereire’ is part of this composition. Today we need to be satisfied with the memory of its spent blooms.

12 Silene undulata 13 Garden Silene

14 Ellensgate entrance Sigh. I really should have swept the paving before signing my name to it…

Lastly, we grow wild the species form of that most popular of garden flowers, the Trailing Lobelia – Lobelia erinus. Although never as dense ad impressive as the hybridised versions, its tiny blue flowers act like a magnet in the vast expanse of the wild garden, bringing the photographer to his knees, and the dogs with their big clumsy feet running…

15 Lobelia erinus 16 Lobelia erinus

17 Lobelia erinusThis post on the wild flowers with garden relatives that grow on Sequoia was inspired by Wildflower Wednesday, a garden-blogging-world-wide reminder once a month that flowers are not the creation of man… Thank you, Gail, of  Clay and Limestone for starting the push!

I LOVE WEEKEND WALKS IN AUTUMN!

IMG_5765 Immediately behind this point a rustic set of steps goes down to where the overflow pipe for the Makou dam empties into a pool and then gurgles down a furrow against the ridge before spilling over a waterfall and down into the bottom of the valley. It is a shaded spot, always with the sound of running water; one of the special spots in the garden, and one which we too seldom visit, and could do more with. Mateczka definitely thinks so! She stormed up and down on the crackling leaves, leapt in and out of the water and let the other dogs understand: this is FUN!

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And I too found it fun to take my camera down there in mid afternoon, knowing that the walk might continue till sunset… I love the way the dogs at times are only blurs in these slow-shutter photos, taken with a tripod. And as you can see, Stompie tottered along gamely, but stood still to enjoy the ambience… she stayed with us for most of the walk, but eventually came home on her own to lie down on a soft blanket and await our return.

Autumn azalea This autumn’s clocks are out of line; some things are late, even very late, others are early. There are trees not turning because they think it is still summer, and flowers blooming because they think it is already spring… This azalea flowering against the russet leaves of a Prunus sargentii is a case in point.

Yellow deciduous azalea And this poor deciduous azalea thinks it is both autumn and spring! I can’t remember this ever happening before – but how lovely, even if the flowers are rather feeble.

Berkheya setifera Berkheya setifera is listed as flowering  Sep-Feb, and yet today I chanced across this colony growing wild in the arboretum, and looking even happier than I’ve ever seen this cheerful flower look before!

Berkheya setifera 2 The autumn of the azaleas

Here you can see its robust, hairy leaves as well; and then I couldn’t resist yet another shot of the autumn of the azaleas.

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Frustrated attempts at photographing a VERY tiny flower… mainly because a certain puppy kept thinking that it was a great opportunity to lick my ears whilst I was down on my knees…

IMG_5792 …in the process all but sitting on the flowers… but after some harsh words…

Lobelia erinus …success!!! In fact, brilliant success, two of the best macros I’ve ever taken…

Lobelia erinus 2

And so here in all its minute glory I present to you…the wild form of the garden lobelia – Lobelia erinus! And although the walk is far from over, it is after one in the morning now – and so I think the post must end and the walk continue tomorrow!

Yet more wildflowers whilst scaling our highest mountain

Yesterday I wrote of our wildflowers. Today I can’t offer you a single pic (I left my camera at home) but I do want to share the day with you. With a group of Rotary friends I climbed the Iron Crown, the highest peak in Limpopo province.

Sounds impressive, hey! Actually we took a 4×4 to within about 4km of the highest peak, then beat the 4×4 to the summit. They had to take an hour and a half detour to park 100m away from the summit. I really find it difficult – having scaled a few of our local mountains – to think that this relatively civilized spot is the highest point  in the province.

The reason for the excursion? We were on a recce for an exciting new club fund-raiser to take place on 17 July (midwinter for us, remember!) We are hosting a 21km (half-marathon) X-country event which starts and ends in the village and turns at the trig beacon on the top of the Iron Crown. We went up the proposed route with a botanist and conservation officer to look at the ecological implications of the route – and got a positive response.

Ah, I hear you say, a botanist! Yup. Who agreed that identifying helichrysums can be very difficult; who confirmed one or two plant names for me. And who enjoyed being with plant lovers; one of the party is also a professional gardener and a very experienced mountaineer. She and I chatted a lot about the garden-worthiness of many of the plants… and there were SO many – some of which I had never seen (or at least noticed) before. At one point we moved through a spot where a lobelia even smaller than the one I wrote of yesterday spangled the ground for 50 or more meters. One could never take a panoramic shot of it, it is simply too small. But what a thrill to move through it! Over Easter we might go up with a GPS to measure exact distances – I will take my camera with me then…

In case you haven’t noticed it: the late summer wild flower displays have me very excited.

OK, I’ll give you a pic after all. I discovered a wonderful site belonging to the Bronberg Conservancy which I can use as a book-like reference. Despite being closer to Pretoria and Johannesburg, there are many plants we have in common. This photograph of Stiga elegans comes from their website. It is the brightest red, a parasite on grass roots; startling to come across.

Striga_elegans_1799

WILDFLOWERS FROM A CLIMATE CUSP

Recently (well not quite – it is a little scary to realise it was more than a month ago…)  I visited a favourite spot for finding wild flowers.

Looking into the drier hinterland

The mistbelt behind me

The Annie’s Fortune road rises steeply against the flanks of the Iron Crown, Limpopo Province’s highest mountain which forms the backdrop to our village. Then it crosses a saddle and drops into a valley. On the village side one is in the mist belt, a softly folding topography with high rainfall. On the opposite side one is in rugged African mountain terrain – dry, hot, dramatic. In a thin band along the ridge the two ecosystems meet, and there is in any season a wealth of fascinating plants to study here. This is where I plan to take you today. My car is parked facing this dry valley.(It is the ultimate practical MPV: a Malaysian designed Toyota 4×4 with a solid 3liter diesel engine, a no-frills but leather-clad interior which allows me anything from 2 to 7 seats, and big enough to take a double mattress in the back when we go camping – or a load of tallish plants when I’m working… but of course off the market and replaced with infinitely less practical and more expensive SUVs  ;( !)

fresh yellow flowers

This is the kind of place one should visit with a botanist. One who specialises in our local mountain flora… With our many many species and incredibly varied habitats, no matter how good one’s wildflower books –and I have 5 good ones of the area –  identifying many of the plants is a rather random business. The above flower is a case in point. Its spring-fresh yellow and lime-green umbel is in contrast to the windblown and rather tired setting. It is difficult to believe it is a late-summer flowerer. Had I had my books there, I might have had more luck. From only one photo and a month-old memory… sorry, no go.

Anemone caffra

This one was easier to identify. (Or was it?) It is definitely, unmistakeably an anemone. There were white ones, and these lovely pink edged ones. But can I be certain that they are Anemone caffra without an exhaustive checklist of other possible anemone species in the area? Sometimes I think I might have become a botanist – and my academic ivory tower would have been open to the sky…

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Much of the beauty lies in the foliage – and it is this more than the flowers that makes me want to experiment with introducing these wild plants into the garden. South Africa might already have given the world a great part of its garden flower treasures – but I believe we’ve only scraped the surface when it comes to considering the general garden worthiness of masses of plants. One day (sigh) I will do something more constructive about this dream…

Helichrysum sp

As with this lovely yellow plate, many of the exquisite grey leaved plants are helichrysums; half of the +- 500 species occur in South Africa, and we have our fair share on the mountain!

I think alepidea sp

This is the plant that excited me most on my visit. The flowers are silver-grey and are carried a little like astrantia. However it is clearly a plant that can survive dry and hot conditions. I think it is  Alepidea amatymbica, known as the Tinsel Flower. I SHALL explore its garden worthiness!

Lobelia sp

This little Lobelia is one of those delightful bright but shy, colourful but minute flowers that I love chancing on on a walk. It really will not do in the cultivated garden, but in the wild its presence has the same effect as finding a butterfly. It is, I think, Lobelia corniculata and each flower is about 1cm long. The flower below, which I take a wild guess from my limited photographic information to be an Athrixia sp., is one of the great many members of the daisy family we find on the mountain.

Daisy-like flower

 

 

Another delightful member of the daisy family is the little yellow flowered shrub below, whose flowers seem to continue the shape and structure of its leaves. It is, I believe, Geigeria burkei, and goes by the charming common name of Vomiting Sickness Bush – apparently  some species of Geigeria are toxic to livestock, causing – you guessed it…

 

Geigeria sp Aloe lettyae

 

A little below the crest on my way home I stopped and clambered up the roadside embankment towards a sheet of bright orange shimmering through the long grasses. Research in two seminal works on South African aloes – Reynolds and Jeppe – confirmed that they are Aloe lettyae. How exciting! Besides being endemic to our area, they flower before the frosts and propagate easily from seed. And they are named after Cynthia Letty, one of South Africa’s most loved botanical illustrators. Reynolds has the following to say in his summary on A.lettyae: “(her) coloured plates in Flowering Plants of South Africa are so well known. Miss Letty has figured over 400 species of various genera, and over 50 species of Aloe for this excellent publication, which has contributed considerably to the knowledge of South African flora.” (p 260, The Aloes of South Africa by Gilbert Westacott Reynolds)  Note, nearly two years later: thank you to Dawn who pointed out that her name was Cythna Letty, not Cynthia; you can read more about this amazing woman here!

Hmmm… I wonder what I’d have to pay for a copy of Flowering plants…

Aloe lettyae 2

A WALK ON THE WILD SIDE

I was drawn into the wilder part of the garden along the stream this morning by the call of the Knysna Turaco, which had earlier woken me. I wanted to see where this most beautiful of birds was feeding and hopefully even catch a glimpse of its red wings in flight. The walk  inspired this post.  For the beauty of these parts, where often the only intervention has been the cutting of a path,  really struck me on this summer-after-rain morning!

Acknowleging Kirsten Frost who posted this image on the forums of http://www.outdoorphoto.co.za

Below  my favourite dog, Taubie, a x-Bull Terrier, but the gentlest and most obliging dog in the world, stands at the bottom end of Quercus Corner, the collection of different oak species my father has planted over the years in the furthest corner of the garden. Hawkweed grows thick and beautiful in the road that has not  been cut for a several weeks – I love it!

A little behind the spot I took the above photo from, the stream passes beneath the road and this little composition is entirely self-sown – both Impatiens hochstetteri, the Wild Buzy Lizzie and Zantedeschia  aethiopica, the Calla  or Arum Lily grow wild in our part of the world.

Nearby, in a damp meadow with rich soil, there are more ferns than grasses in the green carpet. The dark tree framing the shot is Leucosidea sericea, known as Ouhout (Old wood) because the trunks look ancient when they are still quite young – few of our trees are over 30 years old.

In a slightly drier spot higher up, our best clump of Ouhout trees have a lovely grass growing beneath them – it only grows in the shade and remains green through winter, but is very choosy about where it grows – attempts at introducing it under the oak below my house have not been successful.

And nearby the only gardening that has happened is the cutting of paths through the lush vegetation. Different flowers then colonise these areas, so that it pays to make a slow progression down these paths. I’ve had visitors who’ve been more excited here than in the parts where I spent a fortune and slaved over the details of construction and planting!

Here is a little wild buttercup growing in the path – a few weeks back they were very plentiful, now they are isolated.

And here is a little “in the path” composition: